Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Manyoshu and Kokinshu Interpretive Essay Essay Example

Manyoshu and Kokinshu Interpretive Essay Paper In his celebrated Kana Preface to the Kokinshu, Ki no Tsurayuki, one of the editors of the compilation, presents the stylish worth and center elements of Japanese verse. As the seed that develops into a bloom, Japanese melodies, or waka, accept human heart and prosper as horde leaves of words. (Shirane 148) As the ace artist, Tsurayuki encourages his replacements to welcome the excellence of life, instead of getting it. One of the elements of waka, Tsurayuki attests, lies in reassuring the hearts of the withdrew and the living, as the excellence of the tune has the strange capacity to mollify even the upset spirits of wild warriors. In spite of the lexical miserliness of waka, the ace artists of antiquated Japan have regarded this inheritance and strived to present graceful magnificence even to the subject of death. In the Manyoshu and Kokinshu, leaving behind the friends and family is compared with secretive patterns of nature to intercede the passionate weight of misfortune. In any case, the poeticization of death in two collections differentiates in wonderful redemption just as in story structure, as the Manyoshu artist centers around the idyllic liberation of the protagonist’s feelings, while the Kokishu sonnet separately centers around the short life and void of life. The poeticization of death in Manyoshu is portrayed by the protagonist’s enthusiastic admission of kept yearning and failure to give up the left. Upon his wife’s demise, the ace artist Kakinomoto no Hitomaro makes the accompanying sonnet, â€Å"crying tears of blood in his grief.† After recalling his nostalgic sentiment with his significant other in the openning lines, Hitomaro sings, Like the sky-crossing sun sets at night We will compose a custom paper test on Manyoshu and Kokinshu Interpretive Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Manyoshu and Kokinshu Interpretive Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Manyoshu and Kokinshu Interpretive Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Like the light of the moon is darkened by the mists, My young lady, who like the profound ocean growth had dozed close to me, Had died like the fall leaves†¦ †¦and everything I could do was get out her name As I waved my sleeves. I looked for my young lady who has lost her direction In the thick yellow leaves of the harvest time slope Be that as it may, don't have a clue about the mountain way. (84-85) By pervading his wife’s â€Å"passing away† with the rich symbolisms of patterned nature, Hitomaro maintains a strategic distance from the unrefined declaration of death and raises their leaving behind polish and excellence. Never do words meaning demise, for example, shinu, show up in the first content or the interpretation of the sonnet. Like the sun, the moon, and the seasons, his significant other, who has now become a texture of nature, dies (sugite) from him. Ensuing lines with makurakotoba, catalpa jewel and catalpa bow, permit the perusers to additionally identify with and vicariously experience his feelings, intensifying the transport of sorrow. It is additionally imperative to take note of that juxtaposition of the misfortune and symbolisms of recurrent nature reflects Hitomaro’s trust in his better half to return, as sun rises again and the pre-winter restores each year. Later in his short sonnet, the spouse is portrayed as having â€Å"lost her way† in the mountain. In spite of the mountain representing the outlandish and unimaginable separation between the two sweethearts, Hitomaro still longs for her arrival accepting that he can bring her back if just he had known the mountain way (yamaji shirazu mo). However as he can't wander over the mountain into the taboo domain, he mourns that he can just get out her name and wave his sleeves (sode so furitsuru), a custom to bring the withdrew back to life. An obscure writer of Kokinshu likewise utilizes nature as a mode for poeticizing demise and passing on feelings of misfortune. After the Horikawa chancellor kicked the bucket and his remaining parts were entombed close to Mount Fukakusa, the artist makes in Heian style out of lexical miserliness, Sonnet #832 In the event that cherry trees in reality Have emotions, may those Of the fields of Fukakusa This year, in any event, Shround themselves in dark blooms. (162) Not at all like Hitomaro, the Kokinshu artist neither admits his waiting emotions nor seeks after the left to return. Be that as it may, through a straightforward symbolism of dark, grieving blooms, rather than an enthusiastic story, the artist richly passes on the weight of his despondency. The waka is nearly routed to the cherry blooms, as the last line finishes in volitional structure. Besides, the pith of the sonnet is typified in the word sumizome of the cherry blooms. As though to set them up for the internment, the writer conjures the cherry blooms to blossom in â€Å"dyed dark (sumizome ni sake).† The word additionally reminds the peruser the word sumu, which means â€Å"to live.† The prosopopoeia is additionally strengthened by the utilization of the word, kokoro. In spite of the fact that it is deciphered as â€Å"feelings† in the content, it might likewise be perused as â€Å"heart†or â€Å"soul.† The poet’s unimaginable interest f or the cherry blooms mirrors his regret, yet in addition educates the peruser regarding the brevity and void of life. As one can't smother the guaranteed excellence of the cherry blooms, one can never get away from the death of life. As Tsurayuki opined in his Kana Preface, the considerations and deeds of people are interminable. However there is a conclusion to every single man and lady and the antiquated Japanese writers kept on discovering magnificence in death through their heap leaves of words. In spite of the fact that the pre-winter leaves will definitely fall, the guaranteed fogs of spring will come and the reasonable slopes of Yoshino will be enhanced, by and by, with cherry blooms. Similarly, however the left will go over the â€Å"mountain path† and the living will be in â€Å"dyed black,† the tunes will live on until the cows come home, revealing insight into the Japanese heart of kokoro.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Federal Regulation of Sewage essays

Government Regulation of Sewage expositions Government Regulation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Civil strong waste, MSW, is a term used to allude to a wide assortment of waste sources. By and large, strong waste alludes to all materials or substances disposed of or dismissed as being spent, pointless or in overabundance to the proprietors at the hour of such dispose of or dismissal. Squander incorporates yet isn't constrained to: trash; reject; mechanical and business squander; muck from air or water control offices; waste; cinders; contained vaporous material; incinerator buildup; destruction and development flotsam and jetsam; disposed of autos and offal. The Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, decides to characterize this term marginally distinctively relying upon the setting where it is being utilized. In the MSW Settlement Proposal, MSW is characterized as strong waste that is created basically by family units, yet that may incorporate some commitment of squanders from business, institutional and mechanical sources also. Solid waste is for the most part anything dispo sed of with a few explicit special cases. Most strong waste, when it goes to a landfill, goes to a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, MSWLF. A city strong waste landfill is characterized by law as a discrete territory of land or an unearthing that gets family squander, and that isn't a land application unit, surface impoundment, infusion well, or waste heap. Family squander incorporates any strong waste, including trash, refuse, and septic tank squander, got from houses, condos, lodgings, inns, campsites, and excursion grounds. A MSWLF unit likewise may get different kinds of squanders as characterized under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, for example, business strong waste, non-unsafe muck, little amount generator squander and mechanical strong waste. Likewise permitted in metropolitan strong waste landfills are mechanical and business non-risky procedure squanders, development and destruction trash, civil muck, and horticultural squanders. Also, these lan... <!

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Almost Famous

Almost Famous DID YOU KNOW? This Jesus Must Die from Superstar really sounds a lot like People Are Strange by The Doors. Hurry up, I think you only have until Mitra gets home to read this entry. So today the first issue of The Tech since the marathon, so of course they decided to cover it, focusing on both the overall winners and the performances of MIT runners. Now, they could have used this picture on the front page which depicts Kyle 08 and YiOu 07 looking beautiful together as they finish together with an unbelievably fast time. However, they instead chose to use this one and although its a bit unflattering, I still think its ultimately better for society that they put a picture with me in it on the front page of The Tech. Because, really, if youre going to run a marathon, youre probably going to look more like me than YiOu at the end of it. And you should know that. It also resulted in me getting this delightful e-mail from Dr. Jean-Francois Hamel, my 10.28 professor, who I secretly adore. Date: Fri, 21 Apr 2006 16:28:07 -0400 From: Dr. Hamel To: sm******@mit.edu Subject: Wunderbar! Hi Sam, I saw your photo on the paper today. It is great you did the marathon. -jfh I love teacher-student interaction! COMING SOON (maybe even this weekend!): a step-by-step recap of the marathon I ran, and a tour of Random Hall, where I dont live, and an entry that is actually not self-aggrandizing

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Reasons Of Rwandan Genocide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1092 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Genocide Essay Did you like this example? The Rwandan Genocide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994. It was a sort of war, mainly between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes of Rwanda. There was also a third tribe, the Twa, but they did not have much of an effect on the war because they made up a very small part of the population, one even smaller than that of the Tutsi people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reasons Of Rwandan Genocide" essay for you Create order The Hutu were the majority in Rwanda, while the Tutsi were a small minority of the population. The Tutsi did not like the Hutu because in 1959 the Hutu forced around 300000 Tutsi to flee the country (Editors).   They had to move to Uganda, where they stayed for about 30 years. In 1990 however, they decided that they had had enough and they wanted to be back in their own country. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), led the invasion. The RPF consisted mostly of Tutsi refugees and their descendants. During these 30 years, hatred and anger were being built up inside the Tutsi that were forced to leave everything behind and migrate to strange lands they were not familiar with. This made them want to invade and take their lands back. Once they got to Rwanda, they were outnumbered and did not last very long (May). The Hutu then killed off most of the Tutsi that remained in Rwanda. The Rwandan Genocide was the result of racial discrimination imposed on by the Dutch, and by the the three tri bes in that region.   The primary cause of the Genocide was ethnic tension between the Tutsi, Twa, and Hutu tribes of Rwanda. One of the reasons for there being so much tension was that Rwanda had the highest population density in all of Africa, and was ranked highly in the world. When there is   high population density, people tend to be more annoyed with each other. This mainly affected the Hutu, who were the peasants (History). The higher class Tutsi were not as affected by this because they were rich and owned a lot of land. The Hutu on the other hand, were very distraught by this. At a certain point, they decided that they were done living like that under the Tutsi. This is when a rebellion broke out. The Hutu completely outnumbered the Tutsi and ultimately drove many of them out of the country, as many as 300,000. They were forced to seek refuge in Uganda. After 30 years of waiting, they came back to Rwanda to try and take it back as their own. The Tutsi were still greatly outnumbered and they end ed up taking the most casualties. The Rwandan Genocide was one of the bloodiest encounters in history. This was due to the astronomically high amount of deaths during such a short period of time. Around 800,000 people were murdered in a period of time as short as about 100 days (Rwandan Genocide: 100 Days of Slaughter.). Many Genocides have more deaths than this one, but they were throughout a more expansive period of time. If those other Genocides had gone on at the rate of the Rwandan Genocide, their deaths would have increased tenfold. The number of injured people was even greater than this, even impossible to calculate. Most of the victims were part of a group called the Tutsi, which were a minority in Rwanda at the time. They were murdered mostly by the Hutu tribe, which was the majority in east-central Africa. There were far too many of them, even though they were highly outclassed in just about every way possible by the Tutsi. In this situation, clearly quantity was more advantageous than quality. The sheer number advantage allowed the Hutu to obliterate the Tutsi. The Tutsi stood no chance and lost most of their people, and there was nothing they could about it. The majority of the forces that stopped the Genocide were from other countries. Since it looked like the Hutu was not going to stop hunting and murdering the Tutsi, outsiders had to step in to stop the madness. First of all, the French sent a couple thousand of their own troops to help out the Tutsi. They did this mainly because the Tutsi were their allies, and they know that they had a responsibility to aid them in this time when they were most needed. If they wanted to remain allied to the Tutsi they had to defend them. Even though the French did not do much, they definitely contributed to the ending of this tragic period of time. The French only actually fought in an area called the Humanitarian Zone. This zone was in the south-western part of Rwanda. French soldiers were able to save tens of thousands of Tutsi lives (Leila). The United Nations also sent about 5,000 troops once word had spread about the Genocide. It was voted by the security council that they should intervene to s top the fighting. They were not able to save any lives, however, because once they got there the Genocide had ended. Since Rwanda is such a small country, it took time for word to get out about what had been happening, which is why it took so long for other countries to respond. The only reason the French knew about it earlier was because they were allied with the Tutsi, so they were one of the first to be informed. If it had not been for the French, the casualties may have even risen to close to a million.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, the genocide in Rwanda was the result of discrimination between the three tribes that inhabited that area. The Rwandan Genocide ended up being one of the bloodiest genocides in history with over 800,000 casualties, and countless victims who were injured. This all happened within the short span of 100 days, which is what is incredible about this Genocide. It was primarily caused by ethnic tensions between the three tribes of that area, the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. The tribes did not like each other, as one was basically enslaved to the other. The country was also very densely populated, which made it even more annoying for the people that lived there, and made it easier for them to get more agitated. The main forces that stopped the genocide were from other countries, but mainly the French. They were able to save tens of thousands of Tutsi lives. The United Nations also tried to intervene, but they were a few months too late (Editors). This gen ocide is a great example of what countries should not do if they want to keep peaceful and as happy as possible, for as long as possible.

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Genetic Engineering And Its Benefits - 1930 Words

Marlon Aguilar Mrs. Kline Period 7 4 April 2017 Title Despite the occasional risks and challenges that may arise in the process, genetic engineering provides more benefits that far outweigh the harms. Genetic engineering, and genetics in general, is a subject unfamiliar to the general public because not only has it not had much exposure to people outside of the scientific world, but it is also extremely complex and still has several applications yet to be found. In short, genetic engineering is the modification of an organism s characteristics or traits through manipulation, or replacement, of their genetic material for practical purposes. â€Å"Recombinant DNA results when scientists combine nucleotide sequences (pieces of DNA) from two†¦show more content†¦Depending on what the trait is determines whether the trait will be expressed or not when alleles are inherited. For most diseases, having a dominant allele means that the individual does not express the symptoms for the disease. More specifically if the individual has tw o dominant alleles (homozygous dominant), he/she will not inherit any part of the disease and will have no trace in their DNA. However, if the individual inherits one dominant and one recessive allele for the disease (heterozygous), he/she will be a carrier for the disease. This means that the individual has a trace of the disease in their DNA that can be passed on to their offspring, but he/she will not express the symptoms of the disease. Lastly, if the individual inherits two recessive alleles for the disease (homozygous recessive), he/she will express the symptoms of the disease and have a higher chance of it being passed on to their offspring. The patterns and chances for inheritance of these diseases vary widely because they are based upon whether the two mates are either homozygous dominant, heterozygous or homozygous recessive for whichever specific trait. Gene therapy is beginning to be used by scientists and researchers to cure a multitude of current worldwide diseases and pandemics. Take Malaria for example, â€Å"Over one million people die from malaria each year, mostly children under five years of age, with 90 per cent of malaria cases occurring in Sub-SaharanShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Genetic Engineering711 Words   |  3 PagesShould genetic engineering be allowed? â€Å"With genetic engineering, we will be able to increase the complexity of DNA, and improve the human race.† - Stephen Hawking. Genetic engineering is the genetic modification of an organism’s phenotype, also known as an organism’s genetic makeup. Genetic engineering can have its advantages and disadvantages, but I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages. There are a number of benefits that we can only discover if scientists consider to study andRead MoreBenefits Of Genetic Engineering1115 Words   |  5 Pageswill be talking about genetic engineering. What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the process of directly manipulating an organism’s genes or DNA in order to change its characteristics. Over the years, genetic engineering and modification has been trialled on many different things, (CHANGE SLIDE) including food such as creating seedless grapes, CHANGE SLIDE and animals such as dolly the sheep, the first cloned animal in the world. However, genetic engineering, especially on humans hasRead MoreThe Benefits Of Genetic Engineering1001 Words   |  5 Pagesdonors, chemolithoautotrophy. It is by this that the authors claim that the potential for this organism to be used for the large-scale industrial production of biofuels and other useful chemicals remains largely untapped. The employment of genetic engineering to augment the autotrophic hosts productivity pathways offers hope for improved and increased productivity. Other techniques entail the transfer of the processes to heterotrophic organisms. Autotrophic production is said to be more efficientRead MoreBenefits Of Genetic Engineering909 Words   |  4 PagesResearch suggests that genetic engineering will be a vital tool in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases because current drug therapies are becoming less effective and genetic engineering approaches to mosquito management have shown promising results. c. Preview of main points i. Malaria in particular has become more of a threat as the parasite causing the disease develops resistance to the most common drugs used to treat it. ii. Scientists have been successful at engineering several species of mosquitoesRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesreceiving a grim diagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material by direct intervention in the genetic processes with the purpose of producing new substancesRead MoreThe Potential Benefits Of Genetic Engineering1721 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is a recent development that has gained tremendous commercial appeal. The potential benefits of genetic engineering have captivated the general public and clouded their moral values. The ultimate goal of genetic engineering is to create a utopian society where problems such as disease and world hunger no longer exist. Genetically engineering humans to be ideal beings may eventually lead to the creation of a â€Å"super race.† A super race is a race of strong, healthy, and highly intelligentRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pages The engineering of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is entirely new, yet genetics, as a field of science, has fascinated mankind for over 2,000 years. Man has always tried to bend nature around his will through selective breeding and other forms of practical genetics. Today, scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its role in living organisms. Unfortunately, some people are trying to stop further studies in genetics, but the research being conducted today will serve to better mankindRead More The Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay2511 Words   |  11 PagesThesis statement: The benefits of genetic engineering far outweigh its potential for misuse. II. Genetic Engineering A. Definition of Genetic Engineering. (#6) B. Who invented Genetic Engineering Gregor Mendel (Christopher Lampton #7) Thomas Hunt Morgan (Christopher Lampton #7) III. Benefits of Genetic Engineering A. Genetic Screening (Laurence E. Karp #4) B. Gene Therapy (Renato Dulbecco #6) C. Cloning D. Genetic Surgery (Christopher Lampton #7) E. Benefits in Agriculture (DavidRead MoreThe Potential Benefits Of Genetic Engineering1914 Words   |  8 Pagesa controversial issue is new ways to produce human clones. Cloning and genetic engineering and has been used to clone unicellular organisms, plants, amphibians and simple mammals. This has led to advances in industry, medicine and agriculture. Newer techniques in genetic engineering have enabled scientists to clone more complex mammals and opened up the possibility of cloning humans. Although there are many potential benefits to this technology, the prospect of cloning humans has raised many practicalRead MoreThe Potential Benefits Of Genetic Engineering2181 Words   |  9 Pagesapplication of new techniques in genetic engineering to produce human clones. Up until now genetic engineering and cloning has been used to clone plants, unicellular organisms, amphibians and simple mammals. This has led to significant advances in agriculture, industry, and medicine. Newer techni ques in genetic engineering have enabled scientists to clone more complex mammals and opened up the possibility of cloning humans. Although there are many potential benefits to this technology, the prospect

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Aq for Conformity Free Essays

Young people of my country conform and deviate, but in varying degrees. This is expressed by Suematsu in paragraph 3 of passage B where he states â€Å"Conform too much, and you are toast, deviate too much, and you are toast too. † in context to the school life. We will write a custom essay sample on Aq for Conformity or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the same with Singapore. Young people of my country must find the perfect balance of conforming and deviating in order to be â€Å"popular†. And that answers the question as to why they conform and deviate. Even within Singapore, different young people may conform and deviate in different ways and in variable degrees. For example, students in a secondary school may find that breaking the rules, â€Å"deviating† in other words, is considered cool but students from a junior college may find conforming more to their style. This is probably due to the mental maturity of the different age groups. In secondary school, students are still young and may not fully comprehend the consequences of their actions or maybe even be given rose coloured glasses by their peer (peer pressure), whereas in JC, the students have matured greatly from their secondary school days and understand the consequences they have to face in breaking a rule. However, we also have to consider what kind of circles the young people come from. Some young people may come from more shady backgrounds, and they may break more rules (of both society and school) than normal, but to them, or perhaps, to their social circle, it may be a form of conforming. It isn’t their fault as they have been brought up or have been exposed to such an environment at a early age. To them, it is the norm. they do not know how else to act except to deviate. Even within that circle, there may be some limits to the kind of rules or how many you can break. This is also illustrated by Suematsu who states â€Å"We all conform to some standard one way or another†¦ this collective standard can vary even within a society. † It is also seen in the undercurrents of Heath and Potter’s work where they state â€Å"they do place limits.. † which states that even with deviation, there is a limit to what you can do. As Heath and Potter argue, the conformity will not destroy individuality. Which is probably why most young people in my country tend to deviate less (in terms of society and rules). Even with our uniform, most of the young people do not bother to accessorize or alter our uniform (except maybe the length) too much. It is, in our perspective, a uniform, and therefore, is not an accurate representation of our true selves. We tend not to bother too much about showing off our individuality, saving that for when the weekend comes or when we go out. As Suematsu states â€Å"the conclusion that limited means of expression equals limited expressions of individuality which may be wrong. † Besides, â€Å"students have a thousand and one ways to modify a school uniform†, which is also another reason why students conform to wearing the uniform, though they deviate a little by maybe, shortening the skirt a little too short, or wearing pretty hair accessories. It is probably also true that many young people of my country may fuss a little too much over details such as hair, makeup or attire (more often lately). When we go out, it is important to look our best in order to portray our individuality (this is the same for many other countries). Even so, be it our moral compass, or our parents or even the society, young people still conform to a certain type of limit set by above mentioned factors, though deviating. This is the so-called golden balance that Suematsu mentions. How to cite Aq for Conformity, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Npv of Ocean Carriers free essay sample

After considering alternative investment opportunities and risk mitigation strategies it was found that it is a good opportunity to invest in commissioning of new ship, provided the Ship is registered in HK instead of NY. The analysis carried out based on certain assumptions, limitations and approach adopted are described in sections below throughout this document. 1. 2 Scope The scope of this study is based on the available information extracted from the case study â€Å"Ocean Carriers 9-202-027, Rev. April 18, 2002† and the guidelines provided by Dr. Fitzsimmons in enabling us to make acceptable assumptions. Project investment decision is based on the NPV of the project carried out based on these assumptions, limitations described in sections below and available data from case study. 1. 3 Assumptions The table below lists all the assumptions that have been made in order to carry out the NPV analysis. A1. For all practical purposes 365 days in a year is considered. We will write a custom essay sample on Npv of Ocean Carriers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus Leap year concept is not used. A2. 16 days of ship maintenance is considered for Ship older than 10 years until 25 years. A3. For ship is registered in HK the taxes on Profits is Zero. Whereas ship registered in New York the tax applicable on profits is 35%. A4. A discount rate of 9% is used to calculate PV in both cases, i. e. , ship is registered in US or HK A5. As mentioned in the case study the expected rate of inflation is 3% A6. The capital expenditure for the period at the end (i. e. , case_1 for 25th year or case2 for 15th year) would not be done as at the end of this period the ship would be scrapped or sold in second hand market. A7. The working capital would be all liquidated and OCI will be able to realize the total value. A8. The given Salvage value at end of 15th year ($5millions), is retained same until year 25th year based on the assumption that due to additional wear and tear of the ship for 10 more years (=25-15). Hence the FV of the Salvage value at end of 25th year by the percentage of Inflation (3%) is not estimated, as this consideration will increase the salvage value at end of 25th year. A9. Ship is delivered in beginning of year 2003 and the leasing of ship starts immediately. A10. Daily operational costs are estimated 1% above the 3% Inflation rate mentioned in the case study. A11.